Collection Development Policy
PREFACE
The
purpose of a collection development policy is to promote the development
of the library's collection based on the university's and library's
goals and user needs. The policy should explain who is responsible
for selecting, who is responsible for the actual ordering, and
what different formats and kinds of materials are purchased and
included in the collection. Specific criteria for the different
formats should be stated. In addition, the library's target collection
should be explained.
Various
policies should be defined in a collection development document,
such as policies concerning weeding, replacements, hardbacks vs.
paperbacks, receiving gifts. A secondary purpose is to define
the principles of intellectual freedom and how they relate to
a library's collection.
The
first Collection Development Statement for Minot State
University's Memorial Library was approved by the Faculty Senate
Library Committee on February 16, 1983 and the Faculty Senate
on May 17, 1984. The 1997 revision, Gordon B. Olson Library's
Collection Development Policy updates the 1984 document.
The intervening period between the two documents has seen new
technologies, such as CDs introduced; while some formats, such
as filmstrips have fallen out of use. Explanations of collections
such as the Special Collection, reference and children's collections
are now included. As stated in the document itself, the Collection
Development Policy should be reviewed and updated periodically
to incorporate changes in the University's curriculum and reflect
how the collection evolves. The Policy should be viewed
as a tool to help build a better collection, not just a bigger
collection.
LIBRARY OBJECTIVES
The
basic objective of the Minot State University Library is to play
its full part in supporting the instructional and research program
of the university:
-
To secure, organize and service books, periodicals, documents,
audio and video recordings and other library material used in
the instructional and research program.
-
To provide the physical facilities and equipment that will make
possible the most effective use of library resources.
-
To increase knowledge of the basic reference sources by providing
guidance in the use of library facilities.
-
To encourage students to develop the habit of self-education in
order that books, other media and libraries may contribute to
their intellectual development in future years.
-
To encourage extracurricular use of library materials.
-
To assist and cooperate with libraries in the community, region,
and elsewhere in building total library resources and in making
them available to users.
The
library is primarily a teaching and research instrument. The professional
library staff, administrative organization and building are so
planned as to implement teaching, learning and research by the
use of all library material. The staff is composed, therefore,
of educators who teach, not in the classrooms, but by mobilizing
the resources of the library according to a well-defined program.
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Collection Development Policy and Guidelines
The
planned development of a library's collection requires the application
of a stated collection policy. No policy can be definitive for
all time, since a library is not a static institution. Ideas about
its nature and content are constantly evolving. Therefore, a library
collection policy must be responsive to change.
Library Mission Statement
The
primary purpose of Gordon B. Olson Library is to support the mission
of Minot State University. (Appendix A)
The library's mission is to provide the services and resources
necessary to meet the scholarly and informational needs of the
Minot State University community, and to a lesser extent to Minot
and the surrounding community.
Collection Responsibility
The
responsibility for collection development rests with the library.
The process of selecting material for the library's collection
is a cooperative one involving faculty members and library staff.
While it is hoped that every faculty member will participate in
the selection process in areas of their expertise, the primary
responsibility for collection development lies with the professional
librarians, Coordinator for Collection Development and ultimately
with the Library Director.
Each
librarian with collection development responsibilities is designated
as a library liaison to an academic college, division or department.
Liaison responsibilities includes within their assigned subject
areas: evaluating, planning and building the collection; to communicate,
on a regular basis, with the faculty contact, sharing the budget
allocation figures and progress throughout the year; monitoring
encumbrances and expenditures; and approving all requests for
materials to be purchased by faculty and librarians in their subject
area.
Each
year the College Deans assign a faculty member to work with the
library liaison in their respective academic college, division
or department. The faculty contact will approve and submit requests
for the purchase of new library materials from all faculty members
in his or her academic area. Every effort will be made to accommodate
faculty requests that are within the scope of the library's collection
policy. If for some reason an item is excluded from purchase and
a faculty member and the library liaison cannot agree, the conflict
shall first be referred to the Coordinator for Collection Development
for resolution. If the conflict cannot be resolved at this level,
the matter shall be referred to the Library Director.
The
Coordinator for Collection Development supervises the collection
development process. The Acquisitions Associate receives and processes
all requests for materials to be purchased for the library's collection,
with the exception of periodical titles.
Intellectual Freedom Statement
In
accordance with the American Library Association Library Bill
of Rights (Appendix B), the American
Library Association's Freedom to Read Statement (Appendix C), and the Educational Film and Video Association's Freedom
to View Statement (Appendix D), Gordon
B. Olson Library's collection will attempt to provide for the
free exchange of all ideas. The collection will be available to
all potential patrons of the library, and should offer the widest
possible range of view-points; regardless of the popularity of
these viewpoints, or of the sex, religion, political philosophy
or national origin of their authors.
In
areas where there is an honest disagreement concerning the truth
or wisdom of particular ideas, issues or beliefs, and in the interest
of reasonable economy, the library will attempt to see that the
views of the best or major spokesman are represented.
No
censorship will be exercised on the basis of frankness of language,
or the controversial manner an author may use in dealing with
religious, political, sexual, social, economic, scientific or
moral issues.
The
Gordon B. Olson library requests that all patrons with a formal
complaint or request for the removal of library materials from
the collection fill out a "Request for Reconsideration"
form (Appendix E)
which can be obtained from the Coordinator for Collection Development
or the Library Director. Upon completion of the form, the Library
Director will acknowledge receipt of the form; notify the chair
of the Faculty Senate Library Committee and inform the University
President. The Senate Library Committee will convene, consider
the request to remove the item, and either deny or approve the
request. The Committee's decision will then be forwarded to the
University President for approval. The person who originated the
request will then be informed of the decision.
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Selection Criteria
The
quality of content and fulfillment of academic curricular needs
are the first criteria against which any potential item for purchase
will be evaluated. Specific criteria used in selecting items for
the library's collection includes:
- lasting value of the content
- anticipated use
- appropriateness of level of treatment
- strength of present holdings in same or similar subject areas
- critical reviews
- cost
- suitability of format to content
- authoritativeness of the author
- reputation of the publisher
This list is not in order of priority.
Special Format and Collection Statements
In
an effort to develop and maintain a collection of informational
resources adequate in quality for the varied learning and research
needs of Minot State University, the following Library Collection
Development Policy and Guidelines have been adopted.
The
collection of Gordon B. Olson Library will include all forms of
print and non-print materials, excluding those which are fundamentally
for classroom use. Materials needed by faculty in their classrooms,
department or offices on a permanent basis are not purchased with
library funds.
1.
NEWSPAPERS: Newspapers may be added to the collection if they
significantly supplement the quality or quantity of local, national
or international news available in those standard newspapers already
available. If major changes occur in the quality or intent of
those newspapers which have traditionally been part of the collection,
they may be re-evaluated and/or discontinued.
2.
SERIALS: In general, the same criteria will apply to the selection
of serial titles as for the book collection. However, since even
a relatively inexpensive journal title represents a continuing
expense, titles will be added very selectively. Back runs will
be kept for varying lengths of time depending on the title involved.
Microform may be purchased to create a greater collection depth
for certain titles and in some cases may be purchased in addition
to hard copy for specific titles which receive heavy use. Because
of current, and possible future budgetary constraints and escalating
costs, some titles may have to be discontinued. Faculty and staff
will be notified of impending cuts and their comments and suggestions
will be sought before dropping any titles in order to add new
ones.
3.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS: (State and Federal) Most of the documents
that the Gordon B. Olson Library receives are acquired automatically
by virtue of being state and selective federal depositories. The
library participates in the Depository Library Program as outlined
in Title 44 of the United States Code and as administered
by the Superintendent of Documents of the United States Printing
Office. The Gordon B. Olson Library will be open to the public
for free use of the depository publications and will facilitate
access by the use of the Monthly Catalog and its commercial
retrospective version on CD-ROM. Items received for this collection
will not be duplicated by purchase for the general collection,
but may be cataloged into the regular collection in order to make
them more accessible.
4.
MAPS AND ATLASES: The Gordon B. Olson Library's map collection
consists mainly of maps received by the state and federal depository
systems. Maps of the state of North Dakota are received through
the depository and are primarily published by State Department
of Transportation and the North Dakota Geological Survey. The
transportation maps are housed in map cases, while the survey
maps are cataloged individually and shelved in Special Collections.
Maps received through the Federal depository are mainly from the
U.S. Geological Survey, Department of Defense, and the National
Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture and are housed
in map cases. A small number of non-depository maps will be acquired
occasionally to supplement this collection. A reference collection
of atlases will be available, as well as a few in the circulating
collection.
5.
MUSIC SCORES: The library may acquire scores of standard musical
works, but the collection does not aim at comprehensiveness.
6.
AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS: The Gordon B. Olson Library will purchase
audiovisual materials needed to support the curriculum in formats
for which it has equipment or facilities. The library will normally
not purchase audiovisual materials for recreational use.
A
reasonable collection of sound recordings will be maintained,
primarily representing the music related to curriculum offerings.
Compact discs are to be preferred over audiotapes and phono discs.
Spoken word recordings that supplement the study of literature,
history, etc. may also be purchased.
Videocassettes
will be selected by the same criteria as the rest of the collection.
Videos that cost more than $75-$100 will usually be purchased
only after preview. The library will not order films. Taking into
consideration ease of use and equipment availability, film-strips
and slides will only be purchased when it is the only format available.
The
library will acquire a reasonable collection of computer software
and CD-ROMs to support the instructional program on campus. The
library will not purchase software intended for the use of a single
individual or under contractual agreements can only be used by
one person. The library will not acquire computer software for
its collection intended for the manipulation of data, e.g. word
processing or spread sheets. The library will not purchase recreational
software or CD-ROMs. Only games of sufficient educational or instructional
value will be added to the collection.
The
library will not acquire works of pictorial or plastic art, photographs,
or non-book curriculum materials such as tests, toys or games.
7.
MANUALS AND WORKBOOKS: The library will not acquire manuals, workbooks,
or any other consumable materials.
8.
MICROFORMS: Microform is acquired when necessary to preserve materials,
for very little used materials, materials available only in microform
format or no longer in paper format.
9.
MANUSCRIPTS, RARE BOOKS, GENEALOGICAL MATERIALS: Items of this
nature, which are already part of the library's collection, were
either donated or were purchased in the past from private collections.
Manuscripts, rare books, or genealogical material will not be
purchased for the library at this time.
10.
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS: Gordon B. Olson Library's Special Collections
is comprised of printed materials about North Dakota, its cities
and towns, Minot State University, and Native American people
from the region (materials about whom are classified under the
subject heading "Indians of the Northern Plains"). The
collection is intended to bring together materials about the history,
culture, science and people of the state; enabling library patrons
to utilize this area of knowledge in one location.
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Guidelines
for consideration when selecting materials for special
collections include:
1.
The criterion for placing materials in Special Collections is
that the content must be at least one half of the above mentioned.
2.
Publications of the Minot State University includes university
theses, catalogs, material of administrative nature (i.e. mission
statements, accreditation reports) and yearbooks.
3.
Local histories of North Dakota cities and towns will be placed
in Special Collections, but the library will not attempt to locate
and purchase every town history that is published. Emphasis will
be given to acquiring materials about north central and north
western North Dakota.
4.
Indians of the Northern Plains include the Arikara, Mandan, Hidatsa,
as well as earlier tribes such as the Teton, Sioux, Sisseton,
Wahpeton and Plains Ojibway.
5.
One copy of all North Dakota Geological Survey publications are
included in Special Collections.
6.
Generally state government publications will not be included in
the collection unless they are deemed important enough and general
in nature and value to be cataloged and placed into the collection
in order to increase access to them. All other state documents
are housed in the government documents area of the library.
7.
The latest edition of all reference materials about North Dakota
will be placed in the reference collection, with earlier editions
located in Special Collections.
8.
All North Dakota periodicals are located in the periodicals collection.
This includes copies of the MSU's Red and Green.
9.
All non-book materials about North Dakota will be located in the
audiovisual collection of the library.
10.
Maps, other than those issued from the North Dakota Geological
Survey, are not included in Special Collections.
11.
Materials by North Dakota authors that do not generally fit the
Special Collections criteria will not be placed in the collection.
12.
CHILDREN'S COLLECTION: The library will provide an adequate children's
collection of both fiction and non-fiction materials appropriate
for preschool through grade six. The collection is mainly intended
to support the needs of patrons studying children's literature
and to assist in preparing curriculum lessons for young children.
The collection will strive to collect "outstanding"
examples of children's literature published each year; examples
of genres in the literature; as well as preserving the classics.
No attempt will be made to completely acquire series.
13.
FICTION: The library will attempt to collect works of fiction
that are deemed the "best" or "outstanding"
each year; as well as classic or standard titles. These titles
will not be housed in a separate area, but will be shelved in
their respective areas according to the Library of Congress Classification
system. No attempt will be made to acquire a recreational reading
collection.
14.
REFERENCE COLLECTION: The reference collection is a non-circulating
collection of materials designated to meet the basic research,
verification, location and information needs of the library's
patrons in all subject fields. With few exceptions, reference
materials are not meant to be read continuously from beginning
to end, but contain relatively short and discrete articles or
bits of information users will consult one or a few at a time.
Reference materials include, but are not limited to, indexes (both
print and CD-ROM), encyclopedias, handbooks, directories, dictionaries
and compilations of statistics.
Reference
materials shall be as up-to-date as is necessary for the provision
of current and reliable information. Superseded editions that
are removed from the reference collection may be added to the
circulation collection if the information in them is not obsolete
or likely to be misleading to users.
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Additional
Guidelines
1.
GIFTS: The library only accepts gifts that supports the teaching
and research mission of the University and meets the criteria
of the library's Collection Development Policy. Materials which
fall outside the library's Collection Development Policy, such
as outdated textbooks, popular magazines, mass market paperbacks,
unnecessary duplicates, books in poor condition, etc. are generally
not accepted.
Upon
receipt of gift materials, the Gordon B. Olson Library and Minot
State University become owners of the material. The library reserves
the right to determine retention, location, cataloging treatment,
processing priority and other considerations related to disposition.
The donor is requested to sign a form which indicates that he/she
has read the Gift Policy statement (Appendix F) and understands
and agrees to its content.
The
library will provide appropriate acknowledgment of all gifts received,
unless the donor prefers otherwise. Bookplates are available for
placement in books when appropriate. The library will not make
appraisals of gifts for tax purposes nor generally provide an
inventory of gifts.
2.
TEXTBOOKS: Textbooks are not normally purchased. The exceptions
are those which have earned a reputation as "classics"
in their fields, or when a textbook is the only or best source
of information on a particular topic.
3.
PAPERBACKS: The type of binding on a book will not be a consideration
in the decision to purchase except that Collection Development/Acquisitions
will exercise judgements of economy when an item is available
in both paper and cloth bindings. Relative price when compared
to the perceived long-term value and use will be considered.
4.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE MATERIALS: The library shall purchase the foreign
language materials required to attain the curricular objectives
of the university. However, most of our students do not read foreign
languages easily, a priority will be given to material in the
English language unless that material is to be used as an aid
in the teaching and learning of foreign languages. In such cases,
difficulty and appropriateness of the material shall be a prime
consideration before it is purchased.
5.
DUPLICATE MATERIALS: One copy of an individual item for the reference
and/or circulation collection will be sufficient. In certain areas,
such as literature, for example, if duplicates are available through
gift sources, they may be incorporated into the collection. Outside
of a few basic tools, there will be not duplication between reference
collection, documents collection and circulating collection.
6.
WEEDING: Materials in the collection will be examined periodically
to eliminate unnecessary duplicates, obsolete, and worn-out items.
Items weeded may be replaced with a new copy -- but removal from
the collection for any of the reasons previously stated does not
imply that the item will always be replaced. When subject areas
are weeded, faculty in the appropriate subject area will be consulted,
as well as core bibliographies.
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Collection Depth
The
library's collection may be separated into several distinct parts;
the general circulating collection, the reference collection,
children's, periodicals, documents, audiovisual and Special Collections.
The
basic Gordon B. Olson Library collection will be made up of the
following:
-
Those items which constitute required, non-textbook reading for
courses.
-
Supplementary and ancillary reading for courses.
-
A limited number of items for leisure reading, listening and viewing.
-
A basic reference collection.
-
An adequate collection of current periodicals and their backfiles.
In
determining the levels of collection development appropriate for
Minot State University's Gordon B. Olson Library, these generally
accepted categories have been utilized:
LEVEL
ONE: MINIMAL/BASIC REFERENCE LEVEL. Only fundamental reference
works containing general information on a subject, e.g., dictionaries,
encyclopedias, surveys and bibliographies.
LEVEL
TWO: SELECTIVE LEVEL. This level includes slightly more than the
basic level. In addition to reference works, it would include
a small collection of monographs and journals for general coverage
on the subject fields.
LEVEL
THREE: REPRESENTATIVE/UNDERGRADUATE TEACHING LEVEL: A balanced
collection that covers all aspects of a subject field without
going into great depth. In an academic library, this would be
a collection that can support an undergraduate program in the
field.
LEVEL
FOUR: COMPREHENSIVE/BEGINNING RESEARCH LEVEL: A large, well-developed
collection that includes general and fairly specialized books
and journals in the field, some of which are on advanced level.
In an academic library, a collection which provides adequate support
for a Master's program in the subject.
LEVEL
FIVE: EXHAUSTIVE/MAJOR EMPHASIS LEVEL: As comprehensive collection
in the field as possible, including highly advanced and extremely
specialized materials as well as more general ones, and rare and
obscure publications in addition to more common ones. In an academic
library, a collection (with the support of interlibrary loan)
which can support most doctoral work in the field.
LEVEL
SIX: EXTREMELY EXHAUSTIVE/INTENSIVE LEVEL: One of the largest,
most inclusive, best developed collections in the world; collections
of such scope and importance that they are internationally know,
e.g., the Folger Shakespeare Library, American Geographical Society
Map Collection, etc.
Gordon
B. Olson Library will attempt to meet the guidelines set forth
for levels one through four. Levels five and six will not apply
to the collection at the present time.
In
accordance with the above stated levels of collection development,
the library may have to severely limit the purchase of materials
solely for the research of individual faculty and staff members.
While it is recognized that the faculty members have research
needs, which on larger campuses can be more fully met through
collection development, at Minot State University, faculty may
have to rely on other types of library services to fulfill their
needs, i.e., interlibrary loans. Faculty members are strongly
urged to distinguish between a research collection and one which
is designed to meet the needs of interdisciplinary undergraduate
and graduate programs. Although attempts will be made to provide
on-the-premises research materials for as many faculty as possible,
it must be realized that it is impossible for all but the most
inclusive and large libraries to support faculty research from
their resources alone. The library will attempt to support and
subsidize individual faculty and staff members in their research
by obtaining materials not found in our collection from other
libraries.
These
policies and guidelines shall be reviewed periodically and are
subject to change or amendment at recommendation of students,
staff, faculty or administration, or when the library staff feels
that the curriculum indicates a change or amendment is necessary.
Recommendations for change will be considered by the library director
with whom the final responsibility and decision rest.
APPROVED:
Minot State College Library Committee, Feb. 16, 1983
APPROVED:
Minot State College Faculty Senate, May 17, 1984
REVISED
EDITION APPROVED: Minot State University Library Committee, Mar.
6, 1997
REVISED
EDITION APPROVED: Minot State University Faculty Senate, Apr.
10, 1997
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APPENDIX A
MINOT
STATE UNIVERSITY MISSION
Mission
Minot State University is a regional, public institution located in the northwest region of North Dakota, serving students from Minot, the region, state, nation, and other countries. Undergraduate and graduate courses and programs are offered on campus and at a distance, through face-to-face, online, and alternative modes of delivery. Non-credit and professional training and experiences are offered to students and community members.
Committed to high academic standards and professional support for students, the university is dedicated to student success, engaged and life-long learning, advancement of knowledge, effective student service, and development of students of character. These commitments are grounded in effective and motivated teaching and learning, scholarship, and service. General studies and a variety of programs are offered in the arts and sciences, business, and education and health sciences. A wide range of student support services is provided to on-campus and off- campus students.
The university values critical and creative thinking, vitality of communities and cultures, stewardship of place, and the multicultural and global environment. The university honors and supports the dignity and rights of diverse individuals, freedom of expression, academic freedom, ethical and moral behavior, integrity, fairness, and honesty.
Minot State University is first and foremost dedicated to the success of all students: their growth and development as educated citizens, their confidence, and their life-long devotion to the common good and the welfare of others.
Core Values
MSU cares deeply about its students, their learning, and their growth. The university is proud of its values and long-term commitment to:
- Teaching and learning with excellence, integrity, and engagement
- Serving students and others respectfully and responsibly
- Following high ethical and moral principles
- Supporting the values of community and place, where all community members are valued and respected for their work, contributions, and freedom of expression.
Core Purpose
Minot State University helps people appreciate life and learning and contribute meaningfully to the lives of others.
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APPENDIX B
LIBRARY
BILL OF RIGHTS
The
American Library Association affirms that all libraries are forums
for information and ideas, and that the following basic policies
should guide their services.
1.
Books and other library resources should be provided for the interest,
information, and enlightenment of all people of the community
the library serves. Materials should not be excluded because of
the origin, background, or views of those contributing to their
creation.
2.
Libraries should provide materials and information presenting
all points of view on current and historical issues. Materials
should not be proscribed or removed because of partisan or doctrinal
disapproval.
3.
Libraries should challenge censorship in the fulfillment of their
responsibility to provide information and enlightenment.
4.
Libraries should cooperate with all persons and groups concerned
with resisting abridgment of free expression and free access to
ideas.
5.
A person's right to use a library should not be denied or abridged
because of origin, age, background, or views.
6.
Libraries which make exhibit spaces and meeting rooms available
to the public they serve should make such facilities available
on an equitable basis, regardless of the beliefs or affiliations
of individuals or groups requesting their use.
Adopted
June 18, 1948
Amended
February 2, 1961, June 27, 1967 and January 23, 1980 by the ALA
Council
APPENDIX C
THE
FREEDOM TO READ
The
freedom to read is essential to our democracy. It is continuously
under attack. Private groups and public authorities in various
parts of the country are working to remove books from sale, to
censor textbooks, to label "controversial" books, to
distribute lists of "objectionable" books or authors,
and to purge libraries. These actions apparently rise from a view
that our national tradition of free expression is no longer valid;
that censorship and suppression are needed to avoid the subversion
of politics and the corruption of morals. We, as citizens devoted
to the use of books and as librarians and publishers responsible
for disseminating them, wish to assert the public interest in
the preservation of the freedom to read.
We
are deeply concerned about these attempts at suppression. Most
such attempts rest on a denial of the fundamental premise of democracy:
that the ordinary citizen, by exercising critical judgment, will
accept the good and reject the bad. The censors, public and private,
assume that they should determine what is good and what is bad
for their fellow citizens.
We
trust Americans to recognize propaganda, and to reject it. We
do not believe they need the help of censors to assist them in
this task. We do not believe they are prepared to sacrifice their
heritage of a free press in order to be "protected"
against what others think may be bad for them. We believe they
still favor free enterprise in ideas and expression.
We
are aware, of course, that books are not alone in being subjected
to efforts at suppression. We are aware that these efforts are
related to a larger pattern of pressures being brought against
education, the press, films, radio and television. The problem
is not only one of actual censorship. The shadow of fear cast
by these pressures leads, we suspect, to an even larger voluntary
curtailment of expression by those who seek to avoid controversy.
Such
pressure toward conformity is perhaps natural to a time of uneasy
change and pervading fear. Especially when so many of our apprehensions
are directed against an idealogy, the expression of a dissident
idea becomes a thing feared in itself, and we tend to move against
it as against a hostile deed, with suppression.
And
yet suppression is never more dangerous than in such a time of
social tension. Freedom has given the United States the elasticity
to endure strain. Freedom keeps open the path of novel and creative
solutions, and enables change to come by choice. Every silencing
of a heresy, every enforcement of an orthodoxy, diminishes the
toughness and resilience of our society and leaves it the less
able to deal with stress.
Now
as always in our history, books are among our greatest instruments
of freedom. They are almost the only means for making generally
available ideas or manners of expression that can initially command
only a small audience. They are the natural medium for the new
idea and the untried voice from which come the original contributions
to social growth. They are essential to the extended discussion
which serious thought requires, and to the accumulations of knowledge
and ideas into organized collections.
We
believe that free communication is essential to the preservation
of a free society and a creative culture. We believe that these
pressures towards conformity present the danger of limiting the
range and variety of inquiry and expression on which our democracy
and our culture depend. We believe that every American community
must jealously guard the freedom to read. We believe that publishers
and librarians have a profound responsibility to give validity
to that freedom to read by making it possible for the readers
to choose freely from a variety of offerings.
The
freedom to read is guaranteed by the Constitution. Those with
faith in free people will stand firm on these constitutional guarantees
of essential rights and will exercise the responsibilities that
accompany these rights.
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We therefore affirm these propositions:
1.
It is in the public interest for publishers and librarians to
make available the widest diversity of views and expressions,
including those which are unorthodox or unpopular with the majority.
Creative
thought is by definition new, and what is new is different. The
bearer of every new thought is a rebel until that idea is refined
and tested. Totalitarian systems attempt to maintain themselves
in power by the ruthless suppression of any concept which challenges
the established orthodoxy. The power of a democratic system to
adapt to change is vastly strengthened by the freedom of its citizens
to choose widely from among conflicting opinions offered freely
to them. To stifle every nonconformist idea at birth would mark
the end of the democratic process. Furthermore, only through the
constant activity of weighing and selecting can the democratic
mind attain the strength demanded by times like these. We need
to know not only what we believe, but why we believe it.
2.
Publishers, librarians and booksellers do not need to endorse
every idea or presentation contained in the books they make available.
It would conflict with the public interest for them to establish
their own political, moral or aesthetic views as a standard for
determining what books should be published or circulated.
Publishers
and librarians serve the educational process by helping to make
available knowledge and ideas required for the growth of the mind
and the increase of learning. They do not foster education by
imposing as mentors the patterns of their own thought. The people
should have the freedom to read and consider a broader range of
ideas than those that may be held by any single librarian or publishers
or government or church. It is wrong that what one who can read
should be confined to what another thinks proper.
3.
It is contrary to the public interest for publishers or librarians
to determine the acceptability of a book on the basis of the personal
history or political affiliations of the author.
A
book should be judged as a book. No art or literature can flourish
if it is to be measured by the political views or private lives
of its creators. No society of free people can flourish which
draws up lists of writers to whom it will not listen, whatever
they may have to say.
4.
There is no place in our society for efforts to coerce the taste
of others, to confine adults to the reading matter deemed suitable
for adolescents, or to inhibit the efforts of writers to achieve
artistic expression.
To
some, much of modern literature is shocking. But is not much of
life itself shocking? We cut off literature at the source if we
prevent writers from dealing with the stuff of life. Parents and
teachers have a responsibility to prepare the young to meet the
diversity of experiences in life to which they will be exposed,
as they have a responsibility to help them learn to think critically
for themselves. These are affirmative responsibilities, not to
be discharged simply by preventing them from reading works for
which they are not yet prepared. In these matters taste differs,
and taste cannot be legislated; nor can machinery be devised which
will suit the demands of one group without limiting the freedom
of others.
5.
It is not in the public interest to force a reader to accept with
any book the prejudgment of a label characterizing the book or
author as subversive or dangerous.
The
ideal of labeling presupposes the existence of individuals or
groups with wisdom to determine by authority what is good or bad
for the citizen. It presupposes that individuals must be directed
in making up their minds about the ideas they examine. But Americans
do not need others to do their thinking for them.
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6.
It is the responsibility of publishers and librarians, as guardians
of the people's freedom to read, to contest encroachments upon
that freedom by individuals or groups seeking to impose their
own standards or tastes upon the community at large.
It
is inevitable in the give and take of the democratic process that
the political, the moral, or the aesthetic concepts of an individual
or group will occasionally collide with those of another individual
or group. In a free society individuals are free to determine
for themselves what they wish to read, and each group is free
to determine what it will recommend to its freely associated members.
But no group has the right to take the law into its own hands,
and to impose its own concept of politics or morality upon other
members of a democratic society. Freedom is not freedom if it
is accorded only to the accepted and the inoffensive.
7.
It is the responsibility of publishers and librarians to give
full meaning to the freedom to read by providing books that enrich
the quality and diversity of thought and expression. By the exercise
of this affirmative responsibility, they can demonstrate that
the answer to a bad book is a good one, the answer to a bad idea
is a good one.
The
freedom to read is of little consequence when expended on the
trivial; it is frustrated when the reader cannot obtain matter
fit for that reader's purpose. What is needed is not only the
absence of restraint, but the positive provision of opportunity
for the people to read the best that has been thought for the
people to read the best that has been thought and said. Books
are the major channel by which the intellectual inheritance is
handed down, and the principal means of its testing and growth.
The defense of their freedom and integrity, and the enlargement
of their service to society, requires of all publishers and librarians
the utmost of their faculties, and deserves of all citizens the
fullest of their support.
We
state these propositions neither lightly nor as easy generalizations.
We here stake out a lofty claim for the value of books. We do
so because we believe that they are good, possessed of enormous
variety and usefulness, worthy of cherishing and keeping free.
We realize that the application of these propositions may mean
the dissemination of ideas and manners of expression that are
repugnant to many persons. We do not state these propositions
in the comfortable belief that what people read is unimportant.
We believe rather that what people read is deeply important; that
ideas can be dangerous; but that the suppression of ideas is fatal
to a democratic society. Freedom itself is a dangerous way of
life, but it is ours.
This
statement was originally issued in May of 1953 by the Westchester
Conference of the American Library Association and the American
Book Publishers Council, which in 1970 consolidated with the American
Educational Publishers Institute to become the Association of
American Publishers.
Adopted
June 25, 1953; revised January 28, 1972, January 16, 1991, by
the ALA Council and the AAP Freedom to Read Committee.
A
Joint Statement by:
- American Library Association
- Association of American Publishers
Subsequently Endorsed by:
- American Booksellers Association
- American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression
- American Civil Liberties Union
- American Federation of Teachers AFL-CIO
- Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith
- Association of American University Presses
- Children's Book Council
- Freedom to Read Foundation
- International Reading Association
- Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression
- National Association of College Stores
- National Council of Teachers of English
- P.E.N. - American Center
- People for the American Way
- Periodical and Book Association of America
- Sex Information and Education Council of the U.S.
- Society of Professional Journalists
- Women's National Book Association
- YWCA of the U.S.A.
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APPENDIX D
FREEDOM TO VIEW
The
Freedom to View, along with the freedom to speak, to hear, and
to read, is protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution
of the United States. In a free society, there is no place for
censorship of any medium of expression. Therefore these principles
are affirmed:
1.
To provide the broadest possible access to film, video, and other
audiovisual materials because they are a means for the communication
of ideas. Liberty of circulation is essential to insure the constitutional
guarantee of freedom of expression.
2.
To protect the confidentiality of all individuals and institutions
using film, video, and other audiovisual materials.
3.
To provide film, video, and other audiovisual materials which
represent a diversity of views and expression. Selection of a
work does not constitute or imply agreement with or approval of
the content.
4.
To provide a diversity of viewpoints without the constraint of
labeling or prejudging film, video and other audiovisual materials
on the basis of the moral, religious, or political beliefs of
the producer or film maker or on the basis of controversial content.
5.
To contest vigorously, by all lawful means, every encroachment
upon the public's freedom to view.
This
statement was originally drafted by the Freedom to View Committee
of the American Film and Video Association (formerly the Educational
Film Library Association) and was adopted by the AFVA Board of
Directors in February 1979. This statement was updated and approved
by the AFVA Board of Directors in 1989.
Endorsed
by the ALA Council January 10, 1990
APPENDIX E
REQUEST FOR RECONSIDERATION OF LIBRARY MATERIALS
Name
_________________________________________ Date _________________
Address
_______________________________ Phone ________________________
City
___________________________ State ____________ Zip ________________
Library
resource on which you are commenting:
_____
Book _____ Audiovisual
_____
Periodical _____ Other
_____
Newspaper
Title
_______________________________________________________________
Author/Producer
_____________________________________________________
Call
Number ______________________
What
brought this title to your attention?
Have
you read/viewed the material in its entirety?
To
what in the material do you object? (Please be specific, cite
pages, video sequences, etc.) Use other side, if needed.
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APPENDIX F
GIFT POLICY
The
Gordon B. Olson Library welcomes and encourages gifts of books
and other library materials as a means of enhancing the Library's
collection and its ability to provide a variety of resources to
its university and community patrons.
The
Library only accepts gifts that support the teaching and research
mission of the University and meets the criteria of the Library's
Collection Development Policy. Materials which fall outside of
the Library's collecting policy, such as outdated textbooks, popular
magazines, mass market paperbacks, unnecessary duplicates, books
in poor condition, etc. are generally not accepted.
Upon
receipt of gift materials, the Gordon B. Olson Library and Minot
State University become owners of the materials. The Library reserves
the right to determine retention, location, cataloging treatment,
processing priority and other considerations related to disposition.
The donor is requested to sign a form which indicates that he/she
has read the policy statement and understands and agrees to its
content.
The
Library will provide appropriate acknowledgment of all gifts received,
unless the donor prefers otherwise. Bookplates are available for
placement in books when appropriate. The Library will not make
appraisals of gifts for tax purposes nor generally provide an
inventory of gifts.
In
accordance with the American Library Association, the Library
makes an effort, through its collection, to offer the widest possible
viewpoints in its attempt to further the free exchange of ideas.
Censorship will not be exercised in the selection of gift materials
concerned with religious, political, sexual, social, economic,
scientific or moral issues. However, to maintain a reasonably
balanced collection, the Library may retain only a few select
or key resources which represent the views of major spokespersons
of special interest groups.
Questions
about gifts to the Gordon B. Olson Library should be directed
to:
Susan
Podrygula, Coordinator for Collection Development
Gordon B. Olson Library, Minot State University, Minot, ND 58707
Statement of Understanding and Agreement
I
have read the "Gift Policy" statement for the Gordon
B. Olson Library, Minot State University and I understand and
agree to its contents.
Signature
of donor _____________________________________________________
Name
of donor ________________________________________________________
Address
of donor ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Phone
number of donor _____________________________
Date
______________________
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